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Reflections on translation, languages and the craft of words

Counting syllables on my fingers: how I translated Tuwim

Translating children's poetry is not about simplifying. It is about finding the exact rhythm, the right word, the sound a child wants to repeat without knowing why. This is the process — long, imperfect and very honest — behind El canto de los versos Tuwim para los más pequeños.

Also in: ES PL

I had been sitting with Julian Tuwim's verses for years. Half-finished translations, notebooks full of annotations, versions I abandoned because something didn't sound right. Tuwim wrote with a Polish musicality that seems impossible to carry over: internal rhymes, wordplay, rhythms that Polish children have been reciting from memory for decades almost without trying. How do you make that work in Spanish?

Simon reviewing the Tuwim manuscript
Simon, my most demanding editorial assistant. He doesn't say a word, but he has opinions.

The method: read aloud, count on your fingers

My process had nothing digital about it. I printed, crossed out, rewrote by hand. I read each verse aloud, then again more slowly, counting the syllables on my fingers. If a finger was left hanging, the line didn't work. If I had to force a pause where there wasn't one, it didn't work either. The final test: could a child recite it without stumbling? Would they want to say it again?

Some verses were resolved in an afternoon. Others took weeks. La Locomotora, for instance, has a rhythm that mimics the clatter of a train, and finding that same effect in Spanish without it sounding forced was one of the longest challenges in the book.

The critics at home

My children were the first readers. Not the kindest, but the most useful. If they lost interest before the verse was finished, the fault was mine. If they asked me to read it again, that was a good sign. My husband brought a different kind of reading: more analytical, more demanding about natural-sounding Spanish. "That word is too obscure for a child." "A Spanish speaker wouldn't say it like that." Comments that stung a little and helped a lot.

One of the most concrete examples was the verb coger — perfectly natural in Spain, but problematic across much of Latin America. The goal was to make a book that worked for all Spanish speakers, so coger became agarrar throughout. Every decision like that was a small negotiation between musicality, meaning and the book's reach.

The design: coherence without uniformity

The six poems in the book are very different from one another in tone and rhythm. The question was whether the design should reflect that difference or whether a common graphic thread should give unity to the whole. In the end I chose to create a coherent style within each poem — with its own colours, its own illustrations — while keeping shared elements so the book breathed as a whole.

In that process I consulted with Mateusz, a graphic designer friend, whose outside eye was invaluable. He was the one who pointed out that some of my colour choices worked individually but clashed with each other. There was also the page numbering problem: something that seems like a minor technical detail turned into a genuine headache when the numbers didn't align with the illustration layout.

Table of contents of El canto de los versos Tuwim para los más pequeños
The six poems: Radio Pájaro, El Abecedario, Las Gafas, La Gatita, La Naba and La Locomotora.

The proof copy and the errors you don't see until you see them

I ordered a physical proof copy before publishing. Made more changes. Then another round of revisions. And even so, when the book was finally ready to go, I found a couple of capital letters that had slipped through. Early in the process I had decided that every verse would start with a capital letter — a visual choice. Then I changed my mind: I would follow linguistic correctness rather than aesthetics. That meant reviewing hundreds of lines, and two of them, at some point, went unnoticed.

They are small errors. They are also a reminder that no book is perfect, and that perfection is not the goal. The goal is for a child to hear these verses, repeat them, make them their own. For Tuwim's magic to cross the language and arrive intact.

El canto de los versos Tuwim para los más pequeños is available on Amazon in paperback and hardcover. ↗ View on Amazon

— Marlena Trelka · e-diom.es

Post-editing: how translators work with artificial intelligence

In fast-changing times, translators are doing more and more machine translation post-editing. I have been doing it for some clients for several years now. Advantages, risks, and why a good post-editor makes all the difference.

Also in: ES PL

Machine translation has been around for decades, but in recent years it has made a qualitative leap thanks to AI-based language models. Tools like DeepL, ChatGPT or the proprietary engines of major agencies now produce texts that, at first glance, may appear perfectly acceptable. This has changed the way many professional translators work — myself included.

Machine Translation Post-Editing (MTPE) consists of reviewing and correcting machine-generated text to bring it up to the quality standard expected of a human translation. It is not a matter of skimming and signing off: it is professional work requiring deep knowledge of both languages, the subject matter and the appropriate style.

What are the advantages?

✦ Advantages

  • Greater speed on high-volume projects.
  • Cost reduction for clients with repetitive or technical texts.
  • Terminological consistency when combined with translation memories.
  • Frees up time to focus on the most complex or creative passages.

◈ Risks

  • The machine makes subtle meaning errors that look correct.
  • It loses the register, tone or style of the source text.
  • In legal or medical texts, an error can have serious consequences.
  • Creates a false sense of security for those who do not master the language.

Why the post-editor is crucial

Post-editing is not proofreading: it means knowing exactly what can go wrong and where to look. A good post-editor is not fooled by the surface fluency of the text. They know the machine can translate an idiomatic expression literally, omit a negation, or subtly shift the scope of a legal clause without the result sounding "wrong" in the target language.

I have been offering this service to some of my clients for several years, always with one condition: the output must meet exactly the same standards as a human translation. I do not charge less for poor-quality post-editing; I charge less when the machine has done its part well and my revision work is lighter. The distinction matters.

My advice to any company looking to incorporate machine translation into their processes: do not cut corners on the post-editor. They are the guarantee that what reaches the end client — or the court, or the medical leaflet — is accurate, precise and in the appropriate register.

— Marlena Trelka · e-diom.es